#5184. Problem 3. Help Yourself
Problem 3. Help Yourself
Problem 3. Help Yourself
USACO 2020 February Contest, Platinum
Bessie has been given () segments on a 1D number line. The th segment contains all reals such that .
Define the
union
of a set of segments to be the set of all that are contained within at least one segment. Define the
complexity
of a set of segments to be the number of connected regions represented in its union, raised to the power of ().
Bessie wants to compute the sum of the complexities over all subsets of the given set of segments, modulo .
Normally, your job is to help Bessie. But this time, you are Bessie, and there is no one to help you. Help yourself!
SCORING Test case 2 satisfies .Test cases 3-5 satisfy , .Test cases 6-8 satisfy .For each test case satisfies .
INPUT FORMAT (file help.in):
The first line contains and .
Each of the next lines contains two integers and . It is guaranteed that and all are distinct integers in the range
OUTPUT FORMAT (file help.out):
Output the answer, modulo .
SAMPLE INPUT:
3 2 1 6 2 3 4 5
SAMPLE OUTPUT:
10
The complexity of each nonempty subset is written below.
$$\{[1,6]\} \implies 1, \{[2,3]\} \implies 1, \{[4,5]\} \implies 1$$$$\{[1,6],[2,3]\} \implies 1, \{[1,6],[4,5]\} \implies 1, \{[2,3],[4,5]\} \implies 4$$The answer is .
Problem credits: Benjamin Qi